DOI: 10.33547/Aegypt2025.05
The Neolithic of the left bank of the Nile between Es-Sadda and Shemkhiya
by: Marek Chłodnicki 
in: M.A. Jucha, J. Dębowska-Ludwin, G. Bąk-Pryc (eds), Per vias Aegypti et Orientis Medii. Studies Presented to Krzysztof M. Ciałowicz, Kraków: Institute of Archaeology Jagiellonian University, Archaeologica Foundation, Profil-Archeo Publishing House, 2025, pp. 51-61.
Abstract: Mission of the Centre of Mediterranean Archaeology Warsaw University and Poznań Archaeological Museum embarked a reconnaissance of the left bank of the Nile between Es-Sadda and Shemkiya in 2003. Activity continued in 2004–2008 and resulted in locating 55 sites located on the edge of the Nile valley, as well as in the wadis and mountains far from the Nile. In most cases, the chronology of the sites was determined on the basis of quite modest surface material – a few fragments of pottery, flints and stone objects. Neolithic sites are concentrated mostly around the mouth of large khors flowing into the Nile and dry oxbows of the river. A valuable site in this area is Hagar el-Beida 38. There are depictions of caliciform beakers. These are the only representations of vessels of this type in rock art in the Nile basin. It should be stated that the Neolithic economy in the area had a diverse character. In more convenient places had more permanent and larger settlements with cattle breeding economy. In the remaining, less friendly area, we deal mainly with hunting and fishing.