Osadnictwo kultury trzcinieckiej na obwodnicy Kazimierzy Wielkiej, woj. świętokrzyskie / Settlement of the Trzciniec culture on the Kazimierza Wielka bypass, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
by Radosław Czerniak 
, Małgorzata Byrska-Fudali
DOI: 10.33547/ODA-SAH.13.Kaz.8
In: Małgorzata Byrska-Fudali, Radosław Czerniak, Paweł Jarosz (eds) 2024. Archeologia na obwodnicy Kazimierzy Wielkiej: od śladów wczesnych rolników po starszą epokę brązu w dolinie Nidzicy (Ocalone Dziedzictwo Archeologiczne 13), pp. 249–282. Pękowice – Kraków: Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo.
Traces of settlement of the Trzciniec culture communities are present at all investigated archaeological sites within the bypass of Kazimierza Wielka, with a total of 29 features and 240 artefacts attributed to this
culture. The highest concentration of features was recorded at site 3 in Kazimierza Wielka, where 23 settlement features were identified, yielding 103 artefacts in total. At sites 5 and 13, four features associated with the Trzciniec culture were uncovered at each location, yielding a combined total of 81 artefacts. The predominant settlement non-portable sources include basin-shaped pits, followed by trapezoidal pits. The trapezoidal pits often functioned as cellars accompanying residential buildings and marked the locations of households. These were often accompanied by smaller or larger pits with basin-shaped and rectangular cross-sections. At site 3, based on the spatial arrangement of the settlement features, four clusters of pits were identified, likely corresponding to different households or distinct phases in the settlement’s development. During the research, four sepulchral features were uncovered. At site 3, within a trapezoidal settlement pit (feature 21), a double burial of a male and a child was discovered at the centre of a circular grouping of similar trapezoidal pits associated with the Trzciniec culture. At site 5, in the area of older flat graves linked to the Corded Ware culture and the Mierzanowice culture, a rectangular, shallow, basin-shaped pit (feature 21) was found. Although it contained no human bones, its characteristic shape and furnishings suggest that it was used as a burial site for a member of the Trzciniec community. Another burial (feature 92) was discovered within a trapezoidal settlement pit. It contained the remains of six children aged 2–14. The final burial was an animal grave (feature 32), containing the bones of a young horse. The vessels recovered from these features represent types typical of the classical phase of the Trzciniec culture in the loess regions of the Nida River Basin (Niecka Nidziańska). These include gently profiled pots, one-piece bowls, vases, and cups or beakers. The vessels are frequently adorned with circular plastic strip ornaments. Less common decorations include engraved wide grooves, knob ornaments, and stamped designs. The ornamental motifs, particularly the latter, suggest southern influences from the Transcarpathian zone. The collection of forms and decorations aligns with the classical phase of Trzciniec culture development, specifically with A2-type complexes without progressive features, as identified in the Nida Basin. These assemblages are dated to the period 1600–1200 BC.