Osadnictwo kultury ceramiki wstęgowej rytej na stanowisku 13 w Kazimierzy Wielkiej, woj. świętokrzyskie / Settlement of the Linear Pottery culture at site 13 in Kazimierza Wielka, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
by Paulina Kowalczyk-Matys 
DOI: 10.33547/ODA-SAH.13.Kaz.3
In: Małgorzata Byrska-Fudali, Radosław Czerniak, Paweł Jarosz (eds) 2024. Archeologia na obwodnicy Kazimierzy Wielkiej: od śladów wczesnych rolników po starszą epokę brązu w dolinie Nidzicy (Ocalone Dziedzictwo Archeologiczne 13), pp. 45–76. Pękowice – Kraków: Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo.
During the archaeological excavation at site 13 in Kazimierza Wielka, a substantial collection of portable
artefacts was recovered, associated with the settlement of the Linear Pottery culture community. Additionally, several non-portable features were uncovered. The artefacts comprise primarily potsherds
(over 470 fragments), as well as flint, stone, and obsidian items. Spherical cups are the predominant ceramic forms, crafted from various clay matrixes. They exhibit variations in wall thickness, falling into categories of thin/medium-walled and thick-walled ceramics. Other identified forms include vessels with a neck, bowls, sieve vessels, and a fragment of a clay “tube”, likely part of a vessel’s rim. The ornamentation on the vessels is extensive, showcasing engraved ornaments in linear and linear-point (music note) arrangements, as well as plastic ornaments such as knobs, pinched ornaments, and lugs. The most elaborate decoration, a combination of engraved and plastic elements, is found on a fragment of a vessel with a neck. This particular ornamentation suggests the possibility of this specimen being an import or imitation of vessels from the Eastern Linear culture. In the eastern part of the investigated area, the remains of a long house were unearthed. The arrangement of preserved features, including post holes and doubled post holes, indicates the structure follows a type I house, according to A. Czekaj-Zastawny classification based on Modderman’s typology. On the easternside of the structure, a series of construction pits has been retained. Conversely, an unusual structure was uncovered in the northern part of the excavated area, comprising a ditch and accompanying large pits (though not construction pits). The remaining features primarily consist of settlement pits and clay pits. Notably, 85% of the recovered artefacts originate from the fill of one specific clay pit (feature 6, in conjunction with features 23, 25, 26, 27, and 28). Materials from site 13 in Kazimierza Wielka should primarily be associated with the Music-Note phase of the Linear Pottery culture (LBK). The vessel decoration style aligns with both the classical Music-Note Linear Pottery phase (NII) and the declining Music-Note Linear Pottery phase. However, only isolated fragments still exhibit a Zofipole or Želiezovce pottery styles character. The presence of vessels displaying a “foreign” style and obsidian products confirms interregional contacts, particularly with the Eastern Linear circle. The Nidzica river basin area remains relatively underexplored archaeologically, particularly in terms of comprehensive research that enables the documentation of entire residential and economic structures. The investigation at site 13 in Kazimierza Wielka contributes to expanding our understanding of the earliest agricultural communities, particularly in the Nidzica basin.