DOI: 10.33547/ODA-SAH.12.Kaz.04
Osada z okresu późnego eneolitu na stanowisku 12 w Kazimierzy Wielkiej (A settlement from the Late Eneolithic period at the site in Kazimierza Wielka)
by Marcin M. Przybyła 
, Piotr Włodarczak
In: Marcin M. Przybyła, Anita Szczepanek, Joanna Zagórska-Telega (eds) 2024. Kazimierza Wielka, stanowisko 12. Od neolitycznej osady do cmentarzyska z okresu wpływów rzymskich (Ocalone Dziedzictwo Archeologiczne 12), pp. 51–74. Pękowice – Kraków: Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo.
At an archaeological site in Kazimierza Wielka, the remains of the late phase of Funnel Beaker culture with
Baden influences have been discovered. This period is sometimes referred to as the Funnel Beaker-Baden
phase. Archaeological material associated with this phase has been recorded in the fills of 15 pits with
trapezoidal or basin-shaped cross-sections. Almost all artefacts found in their fills are pottery fragments.
The excavated features yielded a total of 746 pottery sherds and only single spindle whorls, as well as several bone and flint tools. The reconstructed vessel forms include mugs, vases, amphorae, pots, jugs, and beakers. These vessels are not abundantly decorated with engraved ornaments, in the form of horizontal, vertical, and diagonal grooves. Other types of decoration, like circular impressions and small, hemispherical knobs are also uncommon. Fragments of conical salt-making beakers have also been discovered at the site, probably confirming local salt production. Similar finds come from most of the large settlements of the Funnel Beaker-Baden phase. The radiocarbon dating has been made for Feature
102, and the date obtained was 4370±35 BP, i.e. 3016–2919 cal BC (68.3% probability range). This is the youngest result obtained among the AMS dated materials of the Funnel Beaker-Baden phase in Małopolska. One can synchronize it with the Br V phase of the settlement site in Bronocice. The settlement of the Funnel Beaker-Baden phase discovered in Kazimierza Wielka is one of only a few sites of this group developing in the Nidzica river basin. Most currently known sites of this cultural phenomenon are large defensive settlements. They are located in Bronocice, Gniazdowice, Miechów, Marchocice, and Muniaczkowice. Open settlements are known from Książnice Wielkie, Kępa, Szarbia Zwierzyniecka, and Smroków.