DOI: 10.33547/ODA-SAH.12.Kaz.06
Osada kultury mierzanowickiej na stanowisku 12 w Kazimierzy Wielkiej (A settlement of the Mierzanowice culture at site in Kazimierza Wielka)
by Paweł Jarosz 
, Marcin M. Przybyła
In: Marcin M. Przybyła, Anita Szczepanek, Joanna Zagórska-Telega (eds) 2024. Kazimierza Wielka, stanowisko 12. Od neolitycznej osady do cmentarzyska z okresu wpływów rzymskich (Ocalone Dziedzictwo Archeologiczne 12), pp. 81–99. Pękowice – Kraków: Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo.
At site 12 in Kazimierza Wielka remains of a settlement of the Mierzanowice culture (MC) from the Early
Bronze Age have been discovered. Nine features can be associated with this culture: trapezoidal pits, basin-shaped pits, one hearth, and one clay pit. A total of 381 pottery sherds and several stone artefacts have been found in their fills. The identified vessel forms from the site include mugs, beakers, amphorae, semispherical bowls, and pots. They are characterized by a very elaborate cord ornamentation. The ornaments were executed using a Z-twisted cord, typical for the early phases of the MC. The most frequently recorded motif is zone ornamentation in the form of multiplied double horizontal cord impressions on the neck of the vessel and vertical ones in the upper part of its belly. Multiple triple, quadruple, and even fivefold cord impressions occurred horizontally on the necks of the vessels and vertically on the surface of the lugs and in the upper parts of the belly. In one case, the motif of parallel, horizontal, and closely packed cord impressions has been recorded (so-called carpet-like design). A few examples of pottery sherds are decorated with incised motifs, finger imprints, and knobs. Most of the vessels discovered in Kazimierza Wielka have good analogies at sites from the Proto- and Early-Mierzanowice phases in Karwin, Kościelec, Opatkowice, Sadowie, Szarbia Zwierzyniecka and Żerniki
Górne in western Lesser Poland; in Dobkowice, Jarosław, Mirocin, Rozbórz and Sietesz in the Rzeszów Foothills, or in Veselé in southwestern Slovakia. The semispherical bowl with a rim thickened on the inside,
found in pit 52, has very few analogies at the MC sites in Wola Więcławska and Miechów. However, such vessels are very typical of the Bell Beaker culture. In Poland, they are known, for example, from the burial sites in Samborzec and Złota and the settlement site in Kornice. Three radiocarbon dates for the MC archaeological material from Kazimierza Wielka have been obtained. Two determinations have been made for animal bones from Feature 34. Using the R_Combine function for both results allowed for narrowing down the obtained dates to 3713±25 BP, which refers to 2191–2039 BC. For animal bones from Feature 52, a date of 3765±35 BP has been obtained. It can be related to 2281–2136 BC with a probability of 65.1%. The settlement site discovered in Kazimierza Wielka developed during the early MC phase, which is currently dated to 2200–2050 BC. It undoubtedly occupies an older chronological position within this early phase, as evidenced by, among others, the presence of the Proto-Mierzanowice phase traits and elements of the Bell Beaker culture.