DOI: 10.33547/ODA-SAH.12.Kaz.02
Osada kultury malickiej na stanowisku 12 w Kazimierzy Wielkiej (Settlement of the Malice Culture in Kazimierza Wielka, site 12)
by Marcin M. Przybyła 
In: Marcin M. Przybyła, Anita Szczepanek, Joanna Zagórska-Telega (eds) 2024. Kazimierza Wielka, stanowisko 12. Od neolitycznej osady do cmentarzyska z okresu wpływów rzymskich (Ocalone Dziedzictwo Archeologiczne 12), pp. 15–46. Pękowice – Kraków: Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo.
The oldest phase of the discussed part of site 12 in Kazimierza Wielka is related to the Malice culture
(MalC). It is represented by 17 features. These are mostly shallow basin-shaped pits, and three features
can be defined as clay pits. Within one of the clay pits an unequipped skeletal burial of a young woman has been discovered (Feature 128). It complements the group of so far known burials of the MalC, which consists of several dozen examples. A total of 258 ceramic fragments, 13 flint artefacts, and animal bones have been obtained from the fills of all of the MalC features. Reconstructed ceramic forms are represented by pear-shaped beakers, amphorae, bowls, hollow-pedestalled bowls, boat-shaped vessels, and pots. Additionally, a fragment of a clay model of a human foot has been found in the fill of clay pit 31. The vessels discovered in Kazimierza Wielka are characterized by rich and diversified ornamentation. Stitch decoration was used frequently, especially in the case of pear-shaped beakers, and the stitches predominantly formed triangular motifs. Impressed decoration in the form of circular pits, finger-nail impressions, and vertical or slightly diagonal notches was also ubiquitous. Incised ornaments appeared very rarely, including those in the form of the so-called tremolo motif, whereas plastic ornaments like sculpted bands or knobs were represented quite numerously. Good analogies for the vessels discovered in Kazimierza Wielka can be found at other MalC sites from the classic phase, such as Brzezie, Targowisko, Modlnica, Kraków-Mogiła, Ćmielów and Las Stocki, and the Górna Wierzchowska Cave in Wierzchowie. The clay human foot discovered in Kazimierza Wielka, probably originally part of a vessel, is one of the few examples of MalC figurative art. Yet it has good analogies at the sites of the Linear Pottery
culture (LBK) and the Malice culture, for example at site 16 in Rzeszów. Two samples taken from the MalC archaeological bone material have been used for radiocarbon dating. The first one was made for an animal bone from the lower layer of clay pit 31. In this case, the result obtained is 5600±40 BP, which falls after calibration within the range 4456–4362 BC within a probability range of 68.3%, and 4532–4350 BC within a probability range of 95.4%. Subsequent dating has been made for a human bone from burial 128. The data obtained is 5735±35 BP, which after calibration falls within the range of 4657–4506 BC (68.3%), or 4687–4462BC (95.4%). Analysis of the ceramic forms and ornamentation, as well as the results of radiocarbon dating allowed for associating the settlement site from Kazimierza Wielka with the classic phase (Ib) of the MalC.