Na przełomie epok. Kultura pucharów dzwonowatych i mierzanowicka na stanowiskach 3, 5 i 13 w Kazimierzy Wielkiej, woj. świętokrzyskie / At the turn of the ages. Bell Beaker and Mierzanowice cultures at sites 3, 5 and 13 in Kazimierza Wielka, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
by Paweł Jarosz 
DOI: 10.33547/ODA-SAH.13.Kaz.7
In: Małgorzata Byrska-Fudali, Radosław Czerniak, Paweł Jarosz (eds) 2024. Archeologia na obwodnicy Kazimierzy Wielkiej: od śladów wczesnych rolników po starszą epokę brązu w dolinie Nidzicy (Ocalone Dziedzictwo Archeologiczne 13), pp. 203–248. Pękowice – Kraków: Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo.
During rescue archaeological excavations conducted prior to the construction of the Kazimierza Wielka bypass, remnants of a settlement associated with Early Bronze Age Bell Beaker and Mierzanowice cultures
were uncovered. These traces were identified at sites 3, 5, and 13. The grave of the Bell Beaker culture community member discovered at site 3 in Kazimierza Wielka enriches the small series of burials of this culture from the Małopolska Upland. Currently, only 12 sepulchral sites of this cultural unit are known. The date obtained from the bones of the male buried in this grave, 3885±35 BP (Poz-134513), can be calibrated to 2456–2340 BC. The findings of the Mierzanowice culture typically consisted of small clusters of settlement features (sites 3, 5, and 13) and graves (site 5). At site 3, located in the southern part of Kazimierza Wielka near the border with Odonów, 11 settlement features attributed to the Mierzanowice culture were documented in the western part of the site. These features yielded 216 fragments of ceramic vessels, animal bones, and six flint artefacts. In the northern section of the bypass, at site 5, 11 additional settlement features were identified, dispersed over a considerable area. In the central part of this site, situated at the highest elevation within the studied area, a small cemetery attributed to the Mierzanowice culture was discovered, comprising four graves. The artefacts from this site were limited, consisting of 43 ceramic fragments, animal bones, and two stone artefacts, one of which– a stone axe – was part of the grave goods. At site 13, situated in the Nidzica Valley, 12 settlement features of the Mierzanowice culture were identified and divided into two groups. Three features were located in the central part of the site, adjacent to its western boundary, while the remaining features were concentrated in the northern section. Artefacts recovered from these features included 285 ceramic fragments, animal bones, five bone tools, three flint artefacts, and one stone implement. The entirety of the recovered material is attributed
to a relatively narrow chronological horizon, dating to 2300–2050 BC, corresponding to the proto- and early phases of the Mierzanowice culture. These discoveries significantly enhance our understanding of the settlement patterns of the Mierzanowice culture and contribute to reconstructing its broader manifestation within the Nida Basin.