Inwentarze lityczne z badań wykopaliskowych na stanowisku 3, 5 i 13 w Kazimierzy Wielkiej, woj. świętokrzyskie / Lithic inventories from excavations at sites 3, 5, and 13 in Kazimierza Wielka, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
by Jerzy Libera 
, Piotr Mączyński
DOI: 10.33547/ODA-SAH.13.Kaz.9
In: Małgorzata Byrska-Fudali, Radosław Czerniak, Paweł Jarosz (eds) 2024. Archeologia na obwodnicy Kazimierzy Wielkiej: od śladów wczesnych rolników po starszą epokę brązu w dolinie Nidzicy (Ocalone Dziedzictwo Archeologiczne 13), pp. 283–305. Pękowice – Kraków: Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo.
Excavation works conducted at three sites (No. 3, 5, and 13) in connection with the construction of the
Kazimierza Wielka bypass in 2019–2020 uncovered remnants of prehistoric settlements in the form of
settlement pits and graves containing lithic inventories in various states of preservation. These inventories
were primarily crafted from flint raw materials, predominantly of Cracow Jurassic, and to a lesser extent, Świeciechów flint, with occasional uses of chocolate flint and obsidian, and in a few instances, other types of rocks. The analysis of these inventories was conducted based on morphological and technological criteria. Individual pieces exhibit macro traces of use in the form of use-wear and gloss. The dating
of lithic materials relied on correlating them with pottery found in the features, and in the case of isolated
grave complexes along with co-occurring portable artefacts. The time span of the analysed lithic materials, encompassing tools and chip debitage, was associated with two chronological horizons. The older Neolithic phase relates to the settlements of communities belonging to the Linear Pottery and Funnel Beaker cultures, as well as individual grave complexes associated with the Funnel Beaker and Corded Ware cultures. The younger phase encompasses sparse waste pits of the Mierzanowice culture and the Trzciniec culture, containing inventories with uncharacteristic features. An isolated burial should be linked to individuals of the first of these cultures. An important element of the analyses conducted
was the study of use-wear traces. Microscopic observations provided information on how stone tools
were used by Neolithic and Early Bronze Age communities. Broader conclusions were drawn from the analysis of funerary materials associated with the Corded Ware culture, which additionally offered valuable information about burial customs, particularly the practice of placing flint tools alongside the deceased.